geomline, geompath, and geom_step

These geoms connect observations with lines in different ways:

• geom_line() connects observations in order of the x-axis variable (most common for time series)
• geom_path() connects observations in the order they appear in the data
• geom_step() creates a stairstep plot, highlighting exactly when changes occur

The group aesthetic determines which observations are connected together.

Arguments

• plot::GGPlot (optional): a plot object to add this geom to. This is typically used to facilitate creating your ggplot as part of a @chain.
• data (DataFrame): Data to use for this geom. If not provided, the geom will inherit the data from ggplot.
• aes(...): the names of the columns in the DataFrame that will be used in the mapping
• inherit_aes: should the geom inherit aes from the ggplot?
• ...: options that are not mapped to a column (passed to Makie.Lines or Makie.Stairs)

Differences Between Line Geoms

Geom	Order	Best For
geom_line()	x-axis order	Time series, continuous functions
geom_path()	Data order	Trajectories, paths through space
geom_step()	x-axis order	Discrete changes, cumulative distributions

Required Aesthetics

• x
• y

Optional Aesthetics (see aes)

• color / colour
• group
• linetype
• linewidth
• alpha

Optional Arguments

• color / colour: line color
• colormap / palette: colormap for multiple lines
• linestyle / linetype: line pattern (e.g., :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot)
• linewidth: line thickness
• alpha: transparency

using TidierPlots
using TidierData
using DataFrames
using RDatasets

economics = dataset("ggplot2", "economics")

478×6 DataFrame

Row	Date	PCE	Pop	PSavert	UEmpMed	Unemploy
	Date	Float64	Int64	Float64	Float64	Int64
1	1967-06-30	507.8	198712	9.8	4.5	2944
2	1967-07-31	510.9	198911	9.8	4.7	2945
3	1967-08-31	516.7	199113	9.0	4.6	2958
4	1967-09-30	513.3	199311	9.8	4.9	3143
5	1967-10-31	518.5	199498	9.7	4.7	3066
6	1967-11-30	526.2	199657	9.4	4.8	3018
7	1967-12-31	532.0	199808	9.0	5.1	2878
8	1968-01-31	534.7	199920	9.5	4.5	3001
9	1968-02-29	545.4	200056	8.9	4.1	2877
10	1968-03-31	545.1	200208	9.6	4.6	2709
11	1968-04-30	550.9	200361	9.3	4.4	2740
12	1968-05-31	557.4	200536	8.9	4.4	2938
13	1968-06-30	564.4	200706	7.8	4.5	2883
14	1968-07-31	568.2	200898	7.6	4.2	2768
15	1968-08-31	569.5	201095	7.6	4.6	2686
16	1968-09-30	572.9	201290	7.8	4.8	2689
17	1968-10-31	578.0	201466	7.6	4.4	2715
18	1968-11-30	577.9	201621	8.1	4.4	2685
19	1968-12-31	584.9	201760	7.1	4.4	2718
20	1969-01-31	590.2	201881	6.5	4.9	2692
21	1969-02-28	590.4	202023	7.0	4.0	2712
22	1969-03-31	595.4	202161	6.6	4.0	2758
23	1969-04-30	601.8	202331	7.0	4.2	2713
24	1969-05-31	602.4	202507	7.9	4.4	2816
25	1969-06-30	604.3	202677	8.7	4.4	2868
26	1969-07-31	611.5	202877	8.5	4.4	2856
27	1969-08-31	614.9	203090	8.5	4.7	3040
28	1969-09-30	620.2	203302	8.3	4.5	3049
29	1969-10-31	622.1	203500	8.5	4.8	2856
30	1969-11-30	624.4	203675	8.6	4.6	2884
31	1969-12-31	630.4	203849	8.3	4.6	3201
32	1970-01-31	635.7	204008	8.1	4.5	3453
33	1970-02-28	634.0	204156	8.8	4.6	3635
34	1970-03-31	637.7	204401	10.5	4.1	3797
35	1970-04-30	644.1	204607	9.4	4.7	3919
36	1970-05-31	648.0	204830	8.7	4.9	4071
37	1970-06-30	650.2	205052	10.0	5.1	4175
38	1970-07-31	654.7	205295	10.0	5.4	4256
39	1970-08-31	660.9	205540	9.8	5.2	4456
40	1970-09-30	660.1	205788	9.8	5.2	4591
41	1970-10-31	658.4	206024	10.1	5.6	4898
42	1970-11-30	667.4	206238	9.7	5.9	5076
43	1970-12-31	678.0	206466	10.0	6.2	4986
44	1971-01-31	681.3	206668	9.9	6.3	4903
45	1971-02-28	683.9	206855	10.2	6.4	4987
46	1971-03-31	690.6	207065	9.9	6.5	4959
47	1971-04-30	693.0	207260	10.2	6.7	4996
48	1971-05-31	701.7	207462	11.4	5.7	4949
49	1971-06-30	700.8	207661	10.4	6.2	5035
50	1971-07-31	706.8	207881	10.3	6.4	5134
51	1971-08-31	715.0	208114	9.7	5.8	5042
52	1971-09-30	717.8	208345	9.6	6.5	4954
53	1971-10-31	723.0	208555	9.5	6.4	5161
54	1971-11-30	730.5	208740	9.5	6.2	5154
55	1971-12-31	733.7	208917	9.1	6.2	5019
56	1972-01-31	738.4	209061	9.4	6.6	4928
57	1972-02-29	751.5	209212	8.2	6.6	5038
58	1972-03-31	754.9	209386	8.3	6.7	4959
59	1972-04-30	760.4	209545	8.5	6.6	4922
60	1972-05-31	764.0	209725	7.2	5.4	4923
61	1972-06-30	772.4	209896	8.2	6.1	4913
62	1972-07-31	778.9	210075	8.6	6.0	4939
63	1972-08-31	783.7	210278	8.8	5.6	4849
64	1972-09-30	797.5	210479	9.5	5.7	4875
65	1972-10-31	803.1	210656	10.2	5.7	4602
66	1972-11-30	808.8	210821	10.3	6.1	4543
67	1972-12-31	819.1	210985	9.1	5.7	4326
68	1973-01-31	828.5	211120	9.5	5.2	4452
69	1973-02-28	835.5	211254	9.7	5.5	4394
70	1973-03-31	838.5	211420	10.0	5.0	4459
71	1973-04-30	844.3	211577	10.2	4.9	4329
72	1973-05-31	847.1	211746	10.7	5.0	4363
73	1973-06-30	857.0	211909	10.2	5.2	4305
74	1973-07-31	856.1	212092	11.0	4.9	4305
75	1973-08-31	872.2	212289	10.2	5.4	4350
76	1973-09-30	871.2	212475	11.5	5.5	4144
77	1973-10-31	879.9	212634	11.6	5.1	4396
78	1973-11-30	879.7	212785	12.0	4.7	4489
79	1973-12-31	887.7	212932	11.6	5.0	4644
80	1974-01-31	892.9	213074	11.4	5.1	4731
81	1974-02-28	904.7	213211	10.6	4.8	4634
82	1974-03-31	914.1	213361	10.2	5.0	4618
83	1974-04-30	925.7	213513	10.0	4.6	4705
84	1974-05-31	931.3	213686	10.2	5.3	4927
85	1974-06-30	941.2	213854	10.6	5.7	5063
86	1974-07-31	958.0	214042	9.5	5.0	5022
87	1974-08-31	958.3	214246	10.2	5.3	5437
88	1974-09-30	962.5	214451	10.7	5.5	5523
89	1974-10-31	959.5	214625	11.1	5.2	6140
90	1974-11-30	965.1	214782	11.1	5.7	6636
91	1974-12-31	978.9	214931	10.3	6.3	7501
92	1975-01-31	992.8	215065	9.5	7.1	7520
93	1975-02-28	994.1	215198	9.7	7.2	7978
94	1975-03-31	998.8	215353	11.3	8.7	8210
95	1975-04-30	1022.8	215523	14.6	9.4	8433
96	1975-05-31	1030.7	215768	11.4	8.8	8220
97	1975-06-30	1043.8	215973	9.7	8.6	8127
98	1975-07-31	1051.0	216195	10.1	9.2	7928
99	1975-08-31	1058.9	216393	10.2	9.2	7923
100	1975-09-30	1064.8	216587	10.7	8.6	7897
101	1975-10-31	1079.7	216771	10.0	9.5	7794
102	1975-11-30	1096.0	216931	9.3	9.0	7744
103	1975-12-31	1111.2	217095	9.2	9.0	7534
104	1976-01-31	1111.8	217249	9.9	8.2	7326
105	1976-02-29	1119.0	217381	9.8	8.7	7230
106	1976-03-31	1129.6	217528	9.4	8.2	7330
107	1976-04-30	1126.8	217685	10.1	8.3	7053
108	1976-05-31	1144.7	217861	9.2	7.8	7322
109	1976-06-30	1153.8	218035	9.5	7.7	7490
110	1976-07-31	1162.3	218233	9.6	7.9	7518
111	1976-08-31	1173.2	218440	9.3	7.8	7380
112	1976-09-30	1181.2	218644	9.0	7.7	7430
113	1976-10-31	1193.5	218834	9.4	8.4	7620
114	1976-11-30	1216.0	219006	8.4	8.0	7545
115	1976-12-31	1219.3	219179	8.5	7.5	7280
116	1977-01-31	1235.6	219344	7.1	7.2	7443
117	1977-02-28	1242.6	219504	8.4	7.2	7307
118	1977-03-31	1251.6	219684	8.4	7.3	7059
119	1977-04-30	1261.5	219859	8.3	7.9	6911
120	1977-05-31	1268.2	220046	8.7	6.2	7134
121	1977-06-30	1285.2	220239	8.6	7.1	6829
122	1977-07-31	1290.4	220458	9.0	7.0	6925
123	1977-08-31	1299.4	220688	9.3	6.7	6751
124	1977-09-30	1316.3	220904	9.4	6.9	6763
125	1977-10-31	1332.0	221109	9.4	7.0	6815
126	1977-11-30	1341.3	221303	9.4	6.8	6386
127	1977-12-31	1335.2	221477	9.9	6.5	6489
128	1978-01-31	1361.0	221629	9.1	6.7	6318
129	1978-02-28	1383.6	221792	9.1	6.2	6337
130	1978-03-31	1402.5	221991	8.9	6.1	6180
131	1978-04-30	1418.2	222176	8.5	5.7	6127
132	1978-05-31	1432.1	222379	8.1	6.0	6028
133	1978-06-30	1433.2	222585	9.1	5.8	6309
134	1978-07-31	1453.4	222805	8.5	5.8	6080
135	1978-08-31	1459.4	223053	8.8	5.6	6125
136	1978-09-30	1473.5	223271	8.9	5.9	5947
137	1978-10-31	1487.1	223477	8.8	5.5	6077
138	1978-11-30	1503.0	223670	8.7	5.6	6228
139	1978-12-31	1508.9	223865	9.4	5.9	6109
140	1979-01-31	1524.4	224053	9.3	5.9	6173
141	1979-02-28	1537.7	224235	9.5	5.9	6109
142	1979-03-31	1545.1	224438	9.2	5.4	6069
143	1979-04-30	1565.5	224632	8.8	5.6	5840
144	1979-05-31	1582.3	224843	8.4	5.6	5959
145	1979-06-30	1592.6	225055	9.1	5.9	5996
146	1979-07-31	1622.3	225295	8.3	4.8	6320
147	1979-08-31	1640.8	225547	7.9	5.5	6190
148	1979-09-30	1648.7	225801	8.7	5.5	6296
149	1979-10-31	1664.5	226027	8.8	5.3	6238
150	1979-11-30	1673.5	226243	9.3	5.7	6325
151	1979-12-31	1704.1	226451	9.3	5.3	6683
152	1980-01-31	1708.2	226656	9.6	5.8	6702
153	1980-02-29	1714.9	226849	9.7	6.0	6729
154	1980-03-31	1701.8	227061	10.1	5.8	7358
155	1980-04-30	1706.6	227251	10.0	5.7	7984
156	1980-05-31	1725.3	227522	9.7	6.4	8098
157	1980-06-30	1753.6	227726	9.8	7.0	8363
158	1980-07-31	1770.1	227953	9.8	7.5	8281
159	1980-08-31	1786.6	228186	10.3	7.7	8021
160	1980-09-30	1823.0	228417	10.4	7.5	8088
161	1980-10-31	1833.0	228612	10.9	7.7	8023
162	1980-11-30	1858.3	228779	10.7	7.5	7718
163	1980-12-31	1877.7	228937	9.9	7.4	8071
164	1981-01-31	1892.2	229071	9.8	7.1	8051
165	1981-02-28	1911.3	229224	9.7	7.1	7982
166	1981-03-31	1912.6	229403	9.8	7.4	7869
167	1981-04-30	1921.7	229575	10.0	6.9	8174
168	1981-05-31	1942.3	229761	9.9	6.6	8098
169	1981-06-30	1949.6	229966	11.4	7.1	7863
170	1981-07-31	1973.7	230187	11.2	7.2	8036
171	1981-08-31	1972.1	230412	11.7	6.8	8230
172	1981-09-30	1970.0	230641	12.5	6.8	8646
173	1981-10-31	1976.0	230822	12.5	6.9	9029
174	1981-11-30	1993.6	230989	11.7	6.9	9267
175	1981-12-31	2001.1	231157	11.9	7.1	9397
176	1982-01-31	2024.9	231313	11.3	7.5	9705
177	1982-02-28	2028.1	231470	11.5	7.7	9895
178	1982-03-31	2030.5	231645	12.2	8.1	10244
179	1982-04-30	2049.3	231809	11.6	8.5	10335
180	1982-05-31	2053.5	231992	11.5	9.5	10538
181	1982-06-30	2078.3	232188	11.9	8.5	10849
182	1982-07-31	2086.9	232392	11.7	8.7	10881
183	1982-08-31	2112.0	232599	10.8	9.5	11217
184	1982-09-30	2133.8	232816	10.3	9.7	11529
185	1982-10-31	2158.1	232993	9.9	10.0	11938
186	1982-11-30	2170.8	233160	9.7	10.2	12051
187	1982-12-31	2183.6	233322	9.9	11.1	11534
188	1983-01-31	2186.5	233473	10.0	9.8	11545
189	1983-02-28	2212.2	233613	9.5	10.4	11408
190	1983-03-31	2235.3	233781	9.1	10.9	11268
191	1983-04-30	2254.7	233922	8.9	12.3	11154
192	1983-05-31	2284.7	234118	8.1	11.3	11246
193	1983-06-30	2313.2	234307	8.6	10.1	10548
194	1983-07-31	2329.2	234501	8.0	9.3	10623
195	1983-08-31	2343.4	234701	8.5	9.3	10282
196	1983-09-30	2366.2	234907	8.6	9.4	9887
197	1983-10-31	2375.0	235078	9.2	9.3	9499
198	1983-11-30	2402.7	235235	9.1	8.7	9331
199	1983-12-31	2428.6	235385	9.4	9.1	9008
200	1984-01-31	2412.8	235527	10.8	8.3	8791
201	1984-02-29	2441.3	235675	10.6	8.3	8746
202	1984-03-31	2467.6	235839	10.8	8.2	8762
203	1984-04-30	2485.0	235993	10.5	9.1	8456
204	1984-05-31	2506.5	236160	10.6	7.5	8226
205	1984-06-30	2505.7	236348	11.4	7.5	8537
206	1984-07-31	2523.8	236549	11.3	7.3	8519
207	1984-08-31	2545.4	236760	11.2	7.6	8367
208	1984-09-30	2543.6	236976	11.4	7.2	8381
209	1984-10-31	2584.0	237159	10.6	7.2	8198
210	1984-11-30	2595.3	237316	11.0	7.3	8358
211	1984-12-31	2629.6	237468	10.3	6.8	8423
212	1985-01-31	2650.5	237602	9.1	7.1	8321
213	1985-02-28	2657.1	237732	8.7	7.1	8339
214	1985-03-31	2668.8	237900	10.1	6.9	8395
215	1985-04-30	2705.0	238074	11.1	6.9	8302
216	1985-05-31	2696.4	238270	9.5	6.6	8460
217	1985-06-30	2720.5	238466	8.9	6.9	8513
218	1985-07-31	2756.0	238679	8.0	7.1	8196
219	1985-08-31	2799.7	238898	6.8	6.9	8248
220	1985-09-30	2762.3	239113	8.9	7.1	8298
221	1985-10-31	2778.7	239307	8.5	7.0	8128
222	1985-11-30	2819.1	239477	8.3	6.8	8138
223	1985-12-31	2833.5	239638	8.2	6.7	7795
224	1986-01-31	2826.7	239788	8.9	6.9	8402
225	1986-02-28	2830.7	239928	9.5	6.8	8383
226	1986-03-31	2843.8	240094	9.1	6.7	8364
227	1986-04-30	2867.8	240271	8.7	6.8	8439
228	1986-05-31	2874.2	240459	8.9	7.0	8508
229	1986-06-30	2895.9	240651	8.6	6.9	8319
230	1986-07-31	2914.8	240854	8.3	7.1	8135
231	1986-08-31	2989.8	241068	6.4	7.4	8310
232	1986-09-30	2951.6	241274	7.5	7.0	8243
233	1986-10-31	2948.5	241467	8.1	7.1	8159
234	1986-11-30	3019.5	241620	5.9	7.1	7883
235	1986-12-31	2959.7	241784	8.8	6.9	7892
236	1987-01-31	3026.7	241930	7.6	6.6	7865
237	1987-02-28	3037.6	242079	7.7	6.6	7862
238	1987-03-31	3061.2	242252	3.5	7.1	7542
239	1987-04-30	3070.1	242423	7.2	6.6	7574
240	1987-05-31	3094.8	242608	6.7	6.5	7398
241	1987-06-30	3118.2	242804	6.5	6.5	7268
242	1987-07-31	3155.2	243012	6.2	6.4	7261
243	1987-08-31	3151.3	243223	6.7	6.0	7102
244	1987-09-30	3159.6	243446	7.4	6.3	7227
245	1987-10-31	3169.3	243639	7.6	6.2	7035
246	1987-11-30	3199.0	243809	7.7	6.0	6936
247	1987-12-31	3238.6	243981	7.0	6.2	6953
248	1988-01-31	3246.2	244131	7.5	6.3	6929
249	1988-02-29	3285.5	244279	7.2	6.4	6876
250	1988-03-31	3288.0	244445	7.6	5.9	6601
251	1988-04-30	3318.5	244610	7.2	5.9	6779
252	1988-05-31	3342.7	244806	7.3	5.8	6546
253	1988-06-30	3365.6	245021	7.5	6.1	6605
254	1988-07-31	3390.0	245240	7.2	5.9	6843
255	1988-08-31	3396.6	245464	7.5	5.7	6604
256	1988-09-30	3436.3	245693	7.2	5.6	6568
257	1988-10-31	3452.4	245884	7.0	5.7	6537
258	1988-11-30	3482.8	246056	7.2	5.9	6518
259	1988-12-31	3505.3	246224	7.6	5.6	6682
260	1989-01-31	3509.3	246378	7.9	5.4	6359
261	1989-02-28	3519.3	246530	8.3	5.4	6205
262	1989-03-31	3563.2	246721	7.3	5.4	6468
263	1989-04-30	3571.8	246906	7.0	5.3	6375
264	1989-05-31	3586.7	247114	7.1	5.4	6577
265	1989-06-30	3606.4	247342	7.1	5.6	6495
266	1989-07-31	3642.2	247573	6.4	5.0	6511
267	1989-08-31	3644.2	247816	6.6	4.9	6590
268	1989-09-30	3657.0	248067	6.8	4.9	6630
269	1989-10-31	3667.6	248281	7.2	4.8	6725
270	1989-11-30	3708.9	248479	6.5	4.9	6667
271	1989-12-31	3754.5	248659	6.6	5.1	6752
272	1990-01-31	3752.2	248827	7.3	5.3	6651
273	1990-02-28	3781.0	249012	7.0	5.1	6598
274	1990-03-31	3800.5	249306	7.3	4.8	6797
275	1990-04-30	3808.6	249565	7.2	5.2	6742
276	1990-05-31	3838.5	249849	7.1	5.2	6590
277	1990-06-30	3855.1	250132	7.2	5.4	6922
278	1990-07-31	3881.0	250439	6.7	5.4	7188
279	1990-08-31	3902.7	250751	6.7	5.6	7368
280	1990-09-30	3902.9	251057	6.6	5.8	7459
281	1990-10-31	3905.6	251346	6.7	5.7	7764
282	1990-11-30	3896.6	251626	7.3	5.9	7901
283	1990-12-31	3879.3	251889	7.9	6.0	8015
284	1991-01-31	3907.7	252135	7.5	6.2	8265
285	1991-02-28	3955.6	252372	6.6	6.7	8586
286	1991-03-31	3950.5	252643	7.1	6.6	8439
287	1991-04-30	3976.8	252913	6.9	6.4	8736
288	1991-05-31	3983.6	253207	7.4	6.9	8692
289	1991-06-30	4008.4	253493	6.8	7.0	8586
290	1991-07-31	4011.3	253807	7.0	7.3	8666
291	1991-08-31	4027.3	254126	7.2	6.8	8722
292	1991-09-30	4020.1	254435	7.5	7.2	8842
293	1991-10-31	4048.2	254718	7.3	7.5	8931
294	1991-11-30	4064.0	254964	7.9	7.8	9198
295	1991-12-31	4128.2	255214	7.4	8.1	9283
296	1992-01-31	4141.8	255448	7.9	8.2	9454
297	1992-02-29	4157.6	255703	7.9	8.3	9460
298	1992-03-31	4169.8	255992	8.0	8.5	9415
299	1992-04-30	4195.5	256285	7.9	8.8	9744
300	1992-05-31	4213.8	256589	7.8	8.7	10040
301	1992-06-30	4241.8	256894	7.5	8.6	9850
302	1992-07-31	4258.8	257232	7.6	8.8	9787
303	1992-08-31	4292.5	257548	6.9	8.6	9781
304	1992-09-30	4320.2	257861	7.1	9.0	9398
305	1992-10-31	4334.3	258147	7.0	9.0	9565
306	1992-11-30	4368.8	258413	9.4	9.3	9557
307	1992-12-31	4371.5	258679	5.8	8.6	9325
308	1993-01-31	4385.0	258919	5.6	8.5	9183
309	1993-02-28	4381.5	259152	5.6	8.5	9056
310	1993-03-31	4422.5	259414	6.4	8.4	9110
311	1993-04-30	4450.9	259680	6.3	8.1	9149
312	1993-05-31	4466.7	259963	5.9	8.3	9121
313	1993-06-30	4493.8	260255	5.4	8.2	8930
314	1993-07-31	4504.3	260566	5.6	8.2	8763
315	1993-08-31	4534.0	260867	5.0	8.3	8714
316	1993-09-30	4554.8	261163	5.0	8.0	8750
317	1993-10-31	4575.9	261425	5.0	8.3	8542
318	1993-11-30	4593.9	261674	7.6	8.3	8477
319	1993-12-31	4608.5	261919	4.0	8.6	8630
320	1994-01-31	4655.7	262123	3.9	9.2	8583
321	1994-02-28	4667.5	262352	4.3	9.3	8470
322	1994-03-31	4690.3	262631	4.2	9.1	8331
323	1994-04-30	4688.3	262877	5.8	9.2	7915
324	1994-05-31	4729.9	263152	5.1	9.3	7927
325	1994-06-30	4745.4	263436	5.1	9.0	7946
326	1994-07-31	4789.2	263724	4.7	8.9	7933
327	1994-08-31	4801.2	264017	5.0	9.2	7734
328	1994-09-30	4836.2	264301	5.3	10.0	7632
329	1994-10-31	4846.5	264559	5.2	9.0	7375
330	1994-11-30	4860.9	264804	5.3	8.7	7230
331	1994-12-31	4869.3	265044	5.6	8.0	7375
332	1995-01-31	4867.4	265270	5.9	8.1	7187
333	1995-02-28	4900.5	265495	5.5	8.3	7153
334	1995-03-31	4904.2	265755	4.8	8.3	7645
335	1995-04-30	4946.1	265998	4.9	9.1	7430
336	1995-05-31	4989.8	266270	4.4	7.9	7427
337	1995-06-30	4982.7	266557	4.6	8.5	7527
338	1995-07-31	5018.0	266843	4.1	8.3	7484
339	1995-08-31	5032.5	267152	4.1	7.9	7478
340	1995-09-30	5024.5	267456	4.4	8.2	7328
341	1995-10-31	5065.8	267715	3.9	8.0	7426
342	1995-11-30	5108.8	267943	3.6	8.3	7423
343	1995-12-31	5098.0	268151	4.2	8.3	7491
344	1996-01-31	5145.2	268364	4.3	7.8	7313
345	1996-02-29	5185.1	268595	4.2	8.3	7318
346	1996-03-31	5219.6	268853	3.1	8.6	7415
347	1996-04-30	5234.8	269108	4.1	8.6	7423
348	1996-05-31	5241.6	269386	4.5	8.3	7095
349	1996-06-30	5263.6	269667	4.1	8.3	7337
350	1996-07-31	5287.5	269976	4.1	8.4	6882
351	1996-08-31	5308.2	270284	4.1	8.5	6979
352	1996-09-30	5340.1	270581	3.8	8.3	7031
353	1996-10-31	5365.5	270878	3.8	7.7	7236
354	1996-11-30	5392.7	271125	3.8	7.8	7253
355	1996-12-31	5419.9	271360	3.7	7.8	7158
356	1997-01-31	5453.9	271585	3.5	8.1	7102
357	1997-02-28	5472.6	271821	3.7	7.9	7000
358	1997-03-31	5473.4	272083	3.8	8.3	6873
359	1997-04-30	5474.4	272342	4.0	8.0	6655
360	1997-05-31	5506.1	272622	3.9	8.0	6799
361	1997-06-30	5565.0	272912	3.3	8.3	6655
362	1997-07-31	5596.7	273237	3.3	7.8	6608
363	1997-08-31	5607.6	273553	3.6	8.2	6656
364	1997-09-30	5639.2	273852	3.5	7.7	6454
365	1997-10-31	5666.1	274126	3.7	7.6	6308
366	1997-11-30	5694.0	274372	3.8	7.5	6476
367	1997-12-31	5698.7	274626	4.6	7.4	6368
368	1998-01-31	5736.6	274838	4.6	7.0	6306
369	1998-02-28	5764.8	275047	4.7	6.8	6422
370	1998-03-31	5788.9	275304	4.7	6.7	5941
371	1998-04-30	5842.9	275564	4.4	6.0	6047
372	1998-05-31	5870.8	275836	4.4	6.9	6212
373	1998-06-30	5887.4	276115	4.5	6.7	6259
374	1998-07-31	5928.8	276418	4.3	6.8	6179
375	1998-08-31	5956.3	276714	4.2	6.7	6300
376	1998-09-30	5995.2	277003	3.9	5.8	6280
377	1998-10-31	6018.5	277277	4.0	6.6	6100
378	1998-11-30	6064.8	277526	3.5	6.8	6032
379	1998-12-31	6067.4	277790	4.0	6.9	5976
380	1999-01-31	6099.7	277992	3.7	6.8	6111
381	1999-02-28	6138.0	278198	3.3	6.8	5783
382	1999-03-31	6202.5	278451	2.5	6.2	6004
383	1999-04-30	6245.1	278717	2.1	6.5	5796
384	1999-05-31	6264.1	279001	2.1	6.3	5951
385	1999-06-30	6297.3	279295	1.9	5.8	6025
386	1999-07-31	6338.6	279602	1.8	6.5	5838
387	1999-08-31	6375.7	279903	1.4	6.0	5915
388	1999-09-30	6396.7	280203	2.0	6.1	5778
389	1999-10-31	6433.2	280471	2.1	6.2	5716
390	1999-11-30	6531.3	280716	1.6	5.8	5653
391	1999-12-31	6538.0	280976	2.9	5.8	5708
392	2000-01-31	6618.5	281190	2.4	6.1	5858
393	2000-02-29	6685.3	281409	2.0	6.0	5733
394	2000-03-31	6664.2	281653	2.4	6.1	5481
395	2000-04-30	6688.0	281891	2.4	5.8	5758
396	2000-05-31	6712.1	282156	2.5	5.7	5651
397	2000-06-30	6745.8	282430	2.9	6.0	5747
398	2000-07-31	6766.7	282706	2.8	6.3	5853
399	2000-08-31	6839.3	282994	2.2	5.2	5625
400	2000-09-30	6846.2	283271	2.3	6.1	5534
401	2000-10-31	6860.2	283531	2.1	6.1	5639
402	2000-11-30	6908.5	283782	1.5	6.0	5634
403	2000-12-31	6938.2	284015	1.9	5.8	6023
404	2001-01-31	6969.2	284240	1.7	6.1	6089
405	2001-02-28	6960.1	284462	2.0	6.6	6141
406	2001-03-31	6978.5	284701	1.6	5.9	6271
407	2001-04-30	7029.1	284938	1.0	6.3	6226
408	2001-05-31	7045.0	285198	1.1	6.0	6484
409	2001-06-30	7064.1	285454	2.4	6.8	6583
410	2001-07-31	7098.6	285730	3.7	6.9	7042
411	2001-08-31	7012.7	286017	4.2	7.2	7142
412	2001-09-30	7222.0	286287	-0.2	7.3	7694
413	2001-10-31	7177.2	286545	0.7	7.7	8003
414	2001-11-30	7165.9	286788	1.1	8.2	8258
415	2001-12-31	7196.5	287021	2.9	8.4	8182
416	2002-01-31	7242.0	287242	2.8	8.3	8215
417	2002-02-28	7252.3	287453	3.0	8.4	8304
418	2002-03-31	7330.2	287675	2.6	8.9	8599
419	2002-04-30	7296.2	287916	3.1	9.5	8399
420	2002-05-31	7342.6	288171	2.8	11.0	8393
421	2002-06-30	7396.4	288427	1.9	8.9	8390
422	2002-07-31	7411.0	288694	1.7	9.0	8304
423	2002-08-31	7382.3	288965	2.2	9.5	8251
424	2002-09-30	7414.3	289229	2.0	9.6	8307
425	2002-10-31	7443.6	289477	1.8	9.3	8520
426	2002-11-30	7501.3	289696	1.5	9.6	8640
427	2002-12-31	7522.1	289913	1.8	9.6	8523
428	2003-01-31	7532.8	290122	2.0	9.5	8622
429	2003-02-28	7589.5	290331	1.7	9.7	8576
430	2003-03-31	7597.2	290557	2.0	10.2	8833
431	2003-04-30	7619.2	290791	2.3	9.9	8948
432	2003-05-31	7668.8	291041	2.1	11.5	9254
433	2003-06-30	7723.3	291289	2.8	10.3	9018
434	2003-07-31	7820.9	291552	2.5	10.1	8894
435	2003-08-31	7803.7	291811	1.7	10.2	8928
436	2003-09-30	7812.3	292074	2.1	10.4	8731
437	2003-10-31	7868.5	292318	2.2	10.3	8590
438	2003-11-30	7885.3	292529	2.4	10.4	8338
439	2003-12-31	7977.7	292723	2.1	10.6	8367
440	2004-01-31	8005.9	292909	2.3	10.2	8171
441	2004-02-29	8070.5	293112	2.0	10.2	8452
442	2004-03-31	8086.6	293340	2.2	9.5	8155
443	2004-04-30	8196.5	293569	1.5	9.9	8197
444	2004-05-31	8161.3	293805	2.1	10.9	8259
445	2004-06-30	8235.3	294056	1.7	8.9	8163
446	2004-07-31	8246.1	294323	2.0	9.3	7993
447	2004-08-31	8313.7	294587	1.2	9.6	7953
448	2004-09-30	8371.6	294857	1.4	9.5	8052
449	2004-10-31	8410.8	295105	1.2	9.7	7950
450	2004-11-30	8462.0	295344	4.3	9.4	7997
451	2004-12-31	8469.4	295576	0.9	9.4	7756
452	2005-01-31	8520.7	295767	0.6	9.1	7966
453	2005-02-28	8569.0	295975	0.2	9.2	7683
454	2005-03-31	8654.4	296209	-0.4	9.0	7657
455	2005-04-30	8644.6	296443	-0.1	9.1	7656
456	2005-05-31	8724.8	296684	-0.5	9.2	7507
457	2005-06-30	8833.9	296940	-0.9	9.0	7464
458	2005-07-31	8825.5	297207	-3.0	9.2	7360
459	2005-08-31	8882.5	297471	-0.5	8.5	7606
460	2005-09-30	8911.6	297740	-0.3	8.6	7436
461	2005-10-31	8916.4	297988	-0.3	8.4	7548
462	2005-11-30	8955.5	298227	-0.3	8.5	7331
463	2005-12-31	9034.4	298458	-0.3	8.5	7023
464	2006-01-31	9079.2	298645	-0.3	8.9	7158
465	2006-02-28	9123.8	298849	-0.4	8.5	7009
466	2006-03-31	9175.2	299079	-1.0	8.5	7098
467	2006-04-30	9238.6	299310	-1.6	8.5	7006
468	2006-05-31	9270.5	299548	-1.5	7.6	6984
469	2006-06-30	9338.9	299801	-1.7	8.2	7228
470	2006-07-31	9352.7	300065	-1.5	8.4	7116
471	2006-08-31	9348.5	300326	-1.0	8.1	6912
472	2006-09-30	9376.0	300592	-0.8	8.0	6715
473	2006-10-31	9410.8	300836	-0.9	8.2	6826
474	2006-11-30	9478.5	301070	-1.1	7.3	6849
475	2006-12-31	9540.3	301296	-0.9	8.1	7017
476	2007-01-31	9610.6	301481	-1.0	8.1	6865
477	2007-02-28	9653.0	301684	-0.7	8.5	6724
478	2007-03-31	9705.0	301913	-1.3	8.7	6801

geom_line

geom_line() is ideal for time series data. Points are connected in order of the x-axis:

ggplot(economics, @aes(x = Date, y = Unemploy)) +
    geom_line()

Customize line appearance:

ggplot(economics, @aes(x = Date, y = Unemploy)) +
    geom_line(color = :steelblue, linewidth = 2)

Use the color aesthetic to draw multiple lines for different groups:

economics_long = @pivot_longer(economics, Pop:Unemploy)

ggplot(economics_long, @aes(x = Date, y = value, color = variable)) +
    geom_line()

You can plot multiple variables by creating multiple line layers:

ggplot(economics) +
    geom_line(aes(x = :Date, y = :Unemploy), color = :blue) +
    geom_line(aes(x = :Date, y = :Pop), color = :red)

Different line styles:

xs = range(0, 2pi, length = 50)
df = DataFrame(x = xs, y = sin.(xs))

ggplot(df, @aes(x = x, y = y)) +
    geom_line(linestyle = :dash, linewidth = 2)

geom_path

geom_path() connects points in the order they appear in the data. This is useful for trajectories or paths through 2D space:

penguins = penguins_data();

ggplot(penguins, @aes(x = bill_length_mm, y = bill_depth_mm)) +
    geom_path(alpha = 0.3)

Create a spiral using geom_path (order in data matters):

t = range(0, 4pi, length = 100)
spiral = DataFrame(x = t .* cos.(t), y = t .* sin.(t))

ggplot(spiral, @aes(x = x, y = y)) +
    geom_path(linewidth = 2)

geom_step

geom_step() creates stairstep plots, useful for showing discrete changes:

ggplot(df, @aes(x = x, y = y)) +
    geom_step()

Compare geomline and geomstep:

df_step = DataFrame(x = 1:10, y = cumsum(rand(10)))

ggplot(df_step, @aes(x = x, y = y)) +
    geom_line(color = :blue, alpha = 0.5) +
    geom_step(color = :red)

Combining with Points

Add points to show the actual data locations:

ggplot(df, @aes(x = x, y = y)) +
    geom_line(color = :steelblue, linewidth = 1) +
    geom_point(color = :steelblue, size = 10)

Using group aesthetic to connect subsets:

df_groups = DataFrame(
    x = repeat(1:5, 3),
    y = rand(15),
    group = repeat(["A", "B", "C"], inner = 5)
)

ggplot(df_groups, @aes(x = x, y = y, color = group)) +
    geom_line(linewidth = 2) +
    geom_point(size = 10)

---

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